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Learning path, lesson 7 of 8

A clear mix

Mixing starts with three moves: make the part people should hear the loudest, give it the middle, and leave room at the top so nothing clips.

Try it in the studio Opens a new song with lessons 1 to 6 already done, so you start right here. Free, no account.

The lesson, step by step

In the studio each step is one sentence in a strip over the real controls. Its check lights when your song does what the step says; Show me opens the tool and points at the control.

  1. Open the mixer and pull the chords part down until the lead sits at least 2 dB above it.
  2. Pan the chords part a little to one side, so the lead has the middle to itself.
  3. Leave headroom so nothing clips: the loudest peak under -1 dBTP, and no track left soloed.

Level, then place, then headroom

A chords part plays more notes than a melody, so at the same fader level it covers the hook. Two or three dB lower and the hook comes through. Panning the chords a little to one side, fifteen percent or more, clears the middle for the lead without making the mix lopsided.

Headroom is measured, not guessed. The studio renders the song exactly as it exports and reads its true peak, the same measurement the Finish sheet shows. Above -1 dBTP, peaks can distort when streaming services turn a song into MP3 or AAC. A four-part song like the path's often peaks a dB or two over 0 dBTP with the Master fader at 0 dB; the hint says how far to pull the Master down, from the measurement, and checks again once you have.

What the studio checks

The lead must be at least 2 dB above the chords part on the faders and not muted; the chords part panned at least 15% to either side, the lead within 15% of the centre; no track soloed (a solo left on would export one part); and the song's measured true peak at or under -1 dBTP.

Lead and Keys sit at the same level (-1.9 dB). Keys plays more notes, so it covers the hook.

The loudest peak reaches +1.4 dBTP, over the -1 dBTP line where it can distort. Pull the Master fader down about 3.0 dB, or use Limit the peaks in Finish.

Questions

What is dBTP?

Decibels relative to full scale, measured as a true peak: the loudest point of the waveform including the peaks between samples, which a converter can reconstruct above what the samples show.

Is a louder master better?

Not when it clips. Streaming services turn loud songs down anyway, so a clean song at a sensible level often sounds better than a crushed one.

Do I need the AI to finish the lesson?

No. Every lesson is done by hand, with a check that reads your song. Gusta, the studio's AI, can make an example you can study, keep or undo, but that is optional and it uses tokens; the lessons themselves are free.

The whole path

Eight lessons of about ten minutes, each building part of the same song, ending with a finished file.

Next lesson: Out the door.

  1. A beat
  2. Hats and groove
  3. Chords from the key
  4. A bass that follows the chords
  5. A melody hook
  6. A verse and a chorus
  7. A clear mix
  8. Out the door

Learn it in the real studio

Gusta Music is a free browser studio: a timeline, a note editor, a mixer and an AI copilot that edits your song with you instead of generating one for you. The lessons run on top of it, and the song you make is yours.

Start lesson 7